Fatally Flawed - More Evidence Damns Army's Reliance On and Testing Of Body Armor Ceramic Plates

More Evidence That Army's Reliance on, and Testing of, Body Armor Ceramic Plates is Fatally Flawed

As we study Friday's release of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on body armor (asked for by Senators Jim Webb and Hillary Rodham Clinton in May of 2007 and by other congressional offices), it's worth reviewing some important, related news.

First, here's some text copied from the web site for the Ceramics and Composites Material Center at Rutgers University. (CCMC is a multi-university research center, but hosted at Rutgers.)

"Structural Ceramics/Ceramic Armor
Determination of the Root Cause of the Poor Ballistic Performance of Boron Carbide -- Manish Chhowalla and Dale Niesz

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Ceramic Armor -- Richard Haber and Dale Niesz

Property Measurements as Estimators of Ballistic Performance -- Roger Cannon

Effect of Gas Phase Composition in Pores During Densification -- M. John Matthewson and Dale Niesz

Defining Microstructural Tolerance Limits of Defects for SiC [Silicon Carbide] Armor -- Richard Haber"
Note the subject of the first-listed research project. The topic focused on "Root Cause of the Poor Ballistic Performance of Boron Carbide."

Boron carbide is one of the two most commonly used materials in the manufacture of the ceramic ballistic-protective plates used today by America's frontline troops. Here is proof that among the real experts, university professors whose life is researching ceramic and (composite materials), there is open acknowledgment that Boron Carbide ballistic performance is "poor."

Their research is not into how well the Boron Carbide performs. They already have the answer to that question, and under most grading systems were they to issue a grade for Boron Carbide's ballistic performance, "poor" would generally merit a "D," at best.

The other most commonly used material for use in today's Army and Marine Corps ceramic ballistic-protective plates is, silicon carbide, or as it is abbreviated in the fifth item in the above list, "SiC."

Three Rutgers University professors who participate in the premier multi-university cooperative research center in the nation dealing with ceramics, list two principal research topics having to do with the performance of the two most commonly used ceramic ballistic protective materials, and both topics raise serious, fundamental questions about: (1) of how well the ceramic material performs in the case of Boron Carbide, and (2) the key structural integrity, i.e., performance, of the second ceramic material, Silicon Carbide.

(The two authors cited for the Boron Carbide study did not respond to a phone call and emails asking for an opportunity to discuss their project. The author of the Silicon Carbide study did respond in a series of back-and-forth emails, saying, "I am not sure I am at liberty to share my results.")

DOD's View: there's never been a failure of a single ceramic plate, ever...

Yet Defense Department representatives from three-star generals to public affairs civilian flacks continue to claim that there has never been one failure of a DOD-issued ceramic plate. Not a single one. Never, ever.

Which leads us to the next "paradox" in the body armor debate.

Why is the Army installing multi-million dollar x-ray devices in combat theaters to do non-destructive testing on ceramic ballistic protective plates?

Does this installation contradict the Army and Marine Corps claims of zero failures?

Or, does it reinforce the views of the above cited ceramic materials professors who are doing research on the poor performance of Boron Carbide plates, and others researching defect "limits" in the microstructure of Silicon Carbide?

Army officials contribute chapter in "Advances in Ceramic Armor IV"

The following is an abstract posted in an on-line advertisement for the above cited book. Several civilians in key roles of the Army corrupt body armor program, including Karl Masters and James Zhang, boast of their achievements in fielding the Non-Destructive Evaluation Automated Inspection System (NDE-AIS).
Abstract To properly protect personnel, the ceramic plate component in body armor must be free of cracks. Studies by the U.S. Army and Britain(2) have shown that while cracked plates can still defeat a threat, their ballistic performance is degraded. The Non-Destructive Automated Inspection System (NDE-AIS) is a deployable, high speed, automated digital radiographic inspection system that evaluates ceramic plate serviceability in the filed... results demonstrated that the NDE-AIS is 99.8% effective in keeping defective body armor plates from being reissued to Soldiers. Ceramic plates are inspected at an average rated of about 240 plates per hour in a process that automatically identifies and withdraws defective plates from service...

Let's stop right here to take a closer look at this amazing admission from the Army's own body armor experts. They claim a 99.85 success rate in keeping defective body armor plates from being reissued.

Note that the Army authors of this chapter are admitting that there are defective plates that have been worn by our frontline, combat troops because if there were no defective plates, there would be no need for NDE-AIS.

The Army response will be that every single plate ever issued to any Soldier was perfect, hence the perfect historical record of no failures, ever. (Yep, while the Army will admit that defective plates have been worn, they will adamantly claim no defective plate has been shot in combat, ever!! More about this incredulous claim below.)

Thus, according to the Army, the "defective" plates discovered and rejected as unfit for reissue have become so after having been subjected to the environment of tactical operations.

Let's examine that claim, keeping in mind that the Army says that no plate has ever failed to stop a single round at the threat level for which that plate was certified.

The Army is therefore claiming that in eight years of combat in Afghanistan and in six and one-half years of combat in Iraq, all the ceramic plates that became defective due to the bumps and grinds and other environmental factors of tactical operations became defective only in that period following the plates morphing from pristine-perfect to defective. And, during this period no Soldier was ever shot while wearing a morphed, defective plate!!

That's right. For the Army's blatantly specious claim to be valid, we must accept that some sort of battlefield miracles have routinely occurred wherein every frontline trooper that was shot, with the round impacting in their ceramic plate, was wearing a plate that had not yet morphed from pristine-perfect (as issued) into a defective plate.

BTW -- to accept the Army's claim of no ceramic plates failures every, you must first accept the Army's implied claim that every single plate produced in the past eight years has been perfect. Given DOD IG investigations and reports over the past two years documenting serious flaws in the First Article Testing by the Army that qualifies vendors for producing ceramic plates, only the most diehard "Kool-aide drinker" in PEO-Soldier would accept such a preposterous contention.

[NB: The Associated Press broke the story on the GAO report late morning on Friday, Oct. 16. Here's the first graph:
Investigators find flaws in Army body armor tests
By RICHARD LARDNER (AP)
WASHINGTON - The Army made critical mistakes in tests of a new body armor design, according to congressional investigators who recommend an independent review of the trials before the gear is issued to troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.]

DefenseWatch will be studying the GAO report and will report its findings as soon as completing its examination of GAO's latest confirmation of serious flaws in the Army's testing of this life-or-death item of personal protective equipment.

What is an Army Reserve Career Really Like?

The Army Reserve has a long and respected history. Formed near the beginning of the last century, originally Army jobs in the reserves were limited to officers. After the first World War, however, it was changed to include enlisted men and women as well.

So What Does It Mean to be in the Army Reserve?

Soldiers in the Army Reserve provide their service on a part-time rather than a full-time basis. When not on active duty, soldiers typically serve one weekend per month, and two full weeks during the year for annual training.

The Reserve requires an eight-year service commitment and usually includes a period of active service in the regular Army and the remainder of the eight years to be served in the Reserves. There are some soldiers who choose to serve the entire term in the Army Reserve however.

What Kinds of Army Jobs Do Reservists Do?

Army careers are varied, and the opportunities for reservists are vast. The Army Reserve has soldiers in chemical brigades, judge advocate units, medical groups, railway units, water supply battalions, psychological operations units, and public affairs units. And these are but a sample of what the reserves have to offer!

Chemical brigades are one of the new Army jobs that didn't exist in decades past, and where the Army Reserve plays a powerful role. These skilled soldiers provide support and resources in incidents of chemical, biological, and nuclear operations. In the ever changing and increasingly threatening world of international threat Army careers like these clearly translate to opportunities in homeland security following service.

The Army Reservistst Create a Safer World For All

In 2009 the Army Reserve consisted of more than 200,000 soldiers. These skilled, trained, and dedicated service personnel, ready to fill a wide range of Army jobs provide a stand-by source of protection in the event of a crisis. In return, as a member of the Reserves, you can feel proud of your role in protecting our future. You can choose to be educated in a variety of Army jobs, and you will be entitled to educational support during your service or as a veteran that can unlock the door to your future.

More than 100 different Army jobs are available to willing soldiers. They range from on the job mechanical jobs, to highly detailed technical positions requiring extensive training. Whatever your work interests there are Army jobs that suit your talents. The Army Reserve is the right place to spread your wings and begin your future.

The Pakistan Army - An Evaluation

One of the major contributions of the British to the countries of India and Pakistan was a first class army. This army had distinguished itself in the two world wars as well as battles against the Afghans and the tribes of the frontier. This was known as the Indian army during the days of the Raj.

In 1947 when the British left India, the Army was divided into the armies of India and Pakistan. Thus the basic ingredient of the Pakistan Army was the ethos of the culture brought by the English. Unfortunately while India retained and even developed the British ethos, Pakistan followed a diametrically opposite path. The result was that the professionalism of the Pakistan Army was given a go by.

Right from 1947 down to the present time the Army has been suffering only defeats. This is a direct corollary of the lack of a professional fighting spirit in the Pakistan Army. To make matters worse right from 1957 when General Ayub Khan seized power in a military coup, the Army is enmeshed in the politics of the nation. Thus a string of Generals as Presidents and Governors have appeared. All these do not add up to a professional atmosphere in the Army where top Generals are eyeing plum civil appointments.

The Bangladesh war is a case in point, when 93, 000 soldiers surrendered without much resistance. Learned soldiers are of the opinion that the Pakistan Army could have held out much longer, but it did not happen. Again the 1965 war with India and the Kargil episode again showed the Army in poor light. Despite advantage of terrain and equipment the armed forces abjectly failed in all their objectives.

The situation is now very volatile as the Pakistan Army brought up on a diet of India as the main enemy is confronted by Islamic jihad groups. These groups could sound the death knell of Pakistan. The Army thus has a monster in it's rear. Given the fact that the Army is not the Professional force that it is supposed to be, fighting the jihad groups will not be easy. Another lurking danger is the fact that the Army is rife with elements of Islamic fundamentalism. For this the blame must lie with General Zia who gave the green signal to Islamise the Army. Thus one of the fundamental principles of the British of a secular force was thrown to the winds.

The future is indeed bleak. The Pakistan Army will have to inculcate professionalism at all levels, otherwise the defeats of the last 60 years may come back to haunt them again in the guise of the Taliban and Jihad groups.

The Forgotten Army in the Fight Against The Japanese

1941 was a decisive year in world history. The Japanese Imperial Army was advancing relentlessly having captured Singapore. In the west the British were guarding against a German invasion as the entire Europe was under the bots of Hitler.

In such a scenario Field Marshal Slim's British Indian army has not got its due for facing the Japanese Army. Though pushed back through Burma the British Indian army fought valiantly against a heartless enemy. Thus this army is often referred to as the forgotten army as it was poorly equipped and had much less resources than their counter parts in the west. Yet it fought valiantly.

There was also the factor of Subhas Chandra Bose who tried to rouse the Indian pow's by forming the Azad Hind fauj. It is a tribute to the loyalty of the Indian troops that by and large they remained loyal to the British. This is the hall mark of a soldier: Loyalty and it was displayed in ample measure by the British Indian Army.

The Japanese army had soon surrounded Kohima and was on the gates of India. The siege of Kohima lasted many weeks but the Indian army never gave up. It was then that the Japanese broke and the Imperial army failed to capture Kohima. This was the turning point of the war in the east. Yet this battle is not given its due, though it was every inch as important as Stalingrad or El Alamein. The battle for Kohima brought out untold bravery of the British Indian army. Bose also failed to engineer defections among the Indian troops and this was the limit of the Japanese imperial army as they were defeated and turned back.

The battles on the return when the Indian army forced the Japanese retreat through thick jungles are what stuff legends are made off. Both officers and men of the British Indian army under Field Marshal Slim fought gloriously and the sun began to set on the Japanese empire. In fact Kohima was the last hurrah of the Imperial army.

The Japanese were pushed back through Burma. It was bitter fighting but the 'Forgotten army' carried the day. Now when more that 60 years have elapsed it is incumbent on historians to give credit to Field Marshal Slim's forgotten army. The soldiers who fought along with this army certainly deserve it.

Educational Benefits of US Army Service - Beyond the GI Bill

When most people think of education and the Army they immediately think of the GI bill, but veterans and US Army active duty personnel are entitled to more. With choices including the Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP), the Post Vietnam Era Veterans' Educational Program (VEAP), and the Montgomery GI Bill you will be able to pursue your professional dreams with Army support. Protecting our country is an important job, and the time you give the US Army should not keep you from reaching long-term professional goals. Your Army service can actually become the doorway to an educational future that might not otherwise be in reach.

Respecting Our Army Veterans

The US Army is committed to honoring the service of its dedicated service people and has tools available to guide you step-by-step to the best choice or combination of benefit programs for you. Some of the important determining factors in selecting the right combination are the length of your active service, whether you desire to attend school full or part time, and if you need a housing allowance. Take advantage of the planning tools the Army offers on its easy to navigate site to consider different combinations.

Since the Army made changes in 1984 to the GI Bill, creating the Montgomery GI Bill, benefits available to veterans have only improved and choices expanded. In exchange for active duty US Army personnel forfeiting $100 pay per month for a year to the Montgomery GI program they receive a significantly increased educational benefit for 36 months.

The Army makes this option even more attractive by including a buy-up option. While on active duty US Army service personnel can contribute up to $600 toward their Montgomery Bill. The Army matches this contribution 8 to 1, for every dollar the service person contributes, the Army contributes 8. What investment has a return of this magnitude!

US Army Support

The Army understands the importance of having time to adjust to life outside the service. Reconnecting with family and finding jobs and housing can be a challenging adjustment when leaving. US Army veterans have up to 10 years to use these benefits. There are informal and formal educational opportunities while in the Army that simply can't be measured.

Training experienced during your Army service would cost you thousands of dollars in the civilian world. When you add to that the significant educational support the US Army offers for its active personnel and veterans and the Army is a choice that simply can't be beat.

US Military Patches - A Story in Every Patch

The history of Military Shoulder Patches began during World War 1. In 1918 an army unit, the 81st Division, based in Fort Jackson, South Carolina was sent to France. On their uniform, worn on the left shoulder was a drab olive colored felt patch of a wildcat. On the circle shaped patch, black outlined the edges. Olive green filled the background and a black wildcat was centered. The Army unit's patch featured a wildcat because of Wildcat Creek, a creek flowing swiftly back at their home base in South Carolina. Other soldiers in fighting units that were different from the "Wildcats" challenged their right to wear the drab olive patch on their uniforms. Finally, it was ruled by General John J. Pershing that not only could the 81st division "wildcats" keep their beloved patch, he not only encouraged but suggested that all divisions should have their own patches made. The "wildcat" patch of the 81st division became the first official patch of the U.S. Army on October 19, 1918.

During World War II all major Army commands had distinctive Shoulder Service Insignias of their own. This included divisions, field army, and corps. The 82nd Airborne Division had "AA" on their patch because it contained soldiers from every state. The "AA" on the patch meant "All- American". The 29th Infantry Division's patch was blue and gray because the soldiers that fought in this division were on both the North and the South sides of the American Civil War.

The history of the military shoulder patch changed again during the Vietnam War when a subdued military shoulder patch was made. They became a mandatory part of the field uniform on July 1, 1970. These changes were made so that they would not stand out against the uniform itself. It was believed that the bright color of the patches would stand out if a soldier was in hiding or during combat missions.

The history of most military shoulder patches varied in color, size and general design. The exception is the United States Armored divisions. All armored divisions have the same military shoulder patch on their uniforms. The armored military shoulder patch is a triangle that is colored red, blue and yellow and has the symbol for armor in the center. The number of their brigade or department was placed in the yellow part, located near the top. The military shoulder patches of the divisions that served in the Cold War were pentagons that were irregular in size with a rectangle near the bottom. These military patches had the division name or U.S. Armor Center.

The military patch was also redesigned for desert camouflage uniform. These unique military shoulder patches were light brown or tan to match the camouflage colors of the Desert Camouflage uniform. This uniform was replaced by the Army Combat uniform. Military Shoulder Patches for the Army Combat uniform are green, tan and black and have a Velcro backing to be attached to the Velcro pocket on the shoulder of the uniform. A military shoulder patch that is in full color is only own on a Class A uniform which a soldier wears when not engaged in combat.

Adjusting From Military Life to Civilian Life

After several years of serving your country you are now officially out of the Army, now what? First and foremost give yourself a huge pat on the back, as you should be commended for serving and protecting this great country. Next you need to decide what to do with the rest of your life.

When making such a big decision you first need to ask yourself what it is you enjoy? If you enjoy animals for example, then perhaps you should consider a veterinary carrier. But what if you don't have the training?

If you want to do something after your Army life that requires schooling then waste no time and get going. Many who served in the Army qualified for the G.I. Bill, which gives you money for college. You should know if you have the G.I. Bill or not, but if you are unsure you can always go talk to a recruiter who can then put you in touch with the proper personnel. Also, because you served in the Army, there are many scholarships, grants, and loans that are specifically designed to aid you in your quest for greater knowledge. To find out what these are, seek the advice of the financial aid office in the college you are thinking of attending.

Perhaps though college isn't right for you. In this case maybe you can take what you learned in the Army and apply it to civilian life. If you were in the Military Police for example, then perhaps a career in law enforcement would be rewarding for you. Maybe you worked in the motorcade. With the skills you learned there, you could easily translate that into a good paying auto technician job. The point is, whatever you did in the Army for Uncle Sam, there is almost always a counterpart in the private sector.

When you are seeking private employment be sure to mention that you served in the Army as many employers look for the discipline in an employee that the Army teaches. Being in the Army looks great on a resume and you never know which prospective employer may have served in the armed forces as well.

Before deciding what to do, ask yourself these questions first:

o What are your goals?

o What are your skills?

o What are your interests?

o Do you want to seek higher education?

Once you have secured your employment and are looking for housing, keep in mind that there are many loans that are tailored for those that served in the Army. If buying a house is your desire, then talk to your real estate agent about any special loans for former military.

Any move in life takes getting used to. A move out of Army life and into civilian life takes a lot of getting used to. Remember the decisions you make will affect the rest of your life so take your time and choose wisely. There are many advantages and special offers for those that did serve in the military, as there should be, and you should take full advantage of each and every one.

Various Used Military Vehicles

The US army, over a period of time, phases out or discards their used military vehicle as they become unfit for use due to wear and tear. These vehicles are auctioned by government authorities and are offered to general citizens of the country. The most popular used military vehicle that an ordinary citizen feels pride to own are Jeeps, which are always in huge demand at auctions.

They include Ford, Cherokee and the Willys Jeep. There are a large number of army jeeps which are well maintained, however accidentals jeeps are also auctioned by the government. These jeeps are favorites among Americans and easily find their way to one such American home. Used military vehicle also includes staff cars which were used by the top brass of the army. These cars since were used by the high grade officials command high standards of maintenance.

If you are eyeing one such staff car you can be assured of the excellent condition of this vehicle. A huge fleet of staff cars are used by army for commuting the top army personnel. The other popular used military vehicle is the motor cycles which are the essential part of military forces. Military police uses them on regular basis. They are important vehicles especially during parades and inspections. These are always available in surplus at the auctions.

Among the used vehicle Hummers or Humvees find a special place as the vehicle is hugely popular due to its ruggedness and great looks. They are immensely useful in mining and construction industry. Humvees or High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is another version of Hummer that is specifically used by the armed forces. They are heavy duty vehicles and an integral part of the military vehicles fleet. These vehicles were originally manufactured by AM General Corporation. Next in the list are land rovers which are ideally used by marines and infantry and are multi purpose vehicles.

Used vehicle also lists trucks which are largely used by army to transport equipments and people to and from battle grounds. They are classified mainly into three categories namely, heavy, medium and light. They may be 8 or 6 wheeled with 2, 4 or 6 toners. A very large number of these trucks are maintained by the US army and are auctioned every year. Among other popular auctioned military vehicles are trailors, ambulances, buses and more such vehicles which are used to transport troops and equipments.

Three of the Military Branches of the United States of America

In the United States there are five different military branches that exist and that you can join to serve the country. The different branches are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and the Coast Guard. All of them are somewhat different from each other but the main thing they have in common is that they help to serve and protect the citizens of the United States of America. Whatever branch people decide to join is what they chose and wanted to become part of and there is a fierce loyalty to that specific branch as well. Many active duty members as well as retired members of the military proudly display their branch in different ways like wearing military t-shirts or a military t-shirt with their unit on it or decorating their home or car with decals and other mementos depicting their branch too. This article will describe three out of the five branches, the Army, Navy and the Air Force.

The Army is responsible for handling the defense and protection of the country on the ground. This is done by use of ground troops, tanks, helicopters and tactical nuclear weapons. It is the oldest of all of the branches having been formed on June 14, 1775. It is also the largest of all of the branches as well with 76,000 officers and over 400,000 enlisted members that are on active duty. The Army is also supported by two reserve groups called the Army Reserves and the Army National Guard which each state has their own National Guard unit but in times of need, The President of America can request the help of the National Guard at any time.

The Navy was also established in 1775, like the Army and their main responsibility is handling and the maintaining the freedom of the seas. In order to do this they use navy ships, cruise missiles, submarines and also large aircraft carriers that can hold up to 80 aircraft. The Navy often helps the Air Force with getting air service to areas that are in conflict by the use of their ships. The Navy is also responsible for getting the Marines to areas of conflict as well. They are definitely intertwined with other branches. They do not have a Naval National Guard to support them like the Army does but some states have what is called Naval Militias.

The Air Force is the youngest branch having been created in 1947. They used to be a section of the Army but after World War II the need for stronger air force was realized. The Air Force has the job of defending the US through air and space using many different types of aircrafts. They are also responsible for military satellites and the country's nuclear missiles. They are helped by the Air Force Reserves and the Air National Guard as well.

Whether our country needs to be protected on land, on the ocean or in the air, these three military branches are ready for anything and everything to deal with security and protection.

Why Army Fitness Training is Better Than the Gym

Army Fitness Training is becoming a popular way to keep fit. The Military have been teaching fitness for over a hundred years. It is an essential part of a soldier's job to be fit. His or her life may depend on it, as does their colleagues. So if anyone knows about the best health and fitness techniques, it has to be the military.

With a history of taking raw recruits, and turning them from couch potatoes to young men and women at the peak of their physical fitness, the military have developed fitness routines and workouts based on key simple techniques, relying on basic exercises executed well.

This is perhaps why that one of the growing fitness methods is the "boot camp" and military fitness workouts that are now widely available. No longer just the exclusive fitness methods for the army, military fitness training is available for anybody. Whether it is in book, DVD or a session in your local park, ex-Military fitness experts are offering us "civvies" the benefit of military fitness techniques.

So whether you are a couch potato or wanting to take fitness to another level, there is a military workout routine to suit all levels. The great beauty of army fitness training is that it can be done anywhere, on you own or as a group, and does not require any fancy equipment, or gym membership fees. Using tried and tested exercises such as press ups and sit ups, it builds body strength and stamina, whilst helping to tone the body.

In these credit crunch times, this relatively low cost (and in some cases free) fitness method is increasingly popular. The pure simplicity and effectiveness of techniques honed over many years, and tried and tested on millions of soldiers down the years is extremely effective.

Military fitness concentrates on building core strength and stamina, so if you looking for body building this may not suit you, as it is important that soldiers retain their flexibility. However, if you want a defined body, core strength and excellent stamina then fitness training the army way is ideal.

Some History on the Origination of Army Dog Tags

Military dog tags were used by soldiers for identity tags throughout the Civil War. They included a soldier's basic details namely the name, date of birth, blood type and a crucial medical background.

Army Dog Tags Later

These tags were put into use by soldiers for recognition tags during the Civil War. These featured a soldier's simple facts specifically the name, date of birth, blood type and a key medical history. These days, they are built authentically as a part of a soldier's uniform, which seemed to be started out through World War I.

As World War II prolonged, the authentic dog tags turned different because a second tag ended up being used for the soldiers - also recognize as service participants. Each tag had distinctive chains so that one tag could be extorted if a service member is captured or is located dead. A single tag may possibly then be remained with the service member upon burial - either on shore or at sea. The additional tag should be directed to the BuPers (Bureau of Naval Personnel). This specific process served as a way of recollecting and honoring service members for their devotion.

Just how Military Dog Tags Have Evolved Through Time

Now more than ever, army identification tags have emerged as trendy and commercialized. Typically the purpose of army tags has expanded from being used as a "heroic" symbol to a "fashion" sign. More and more civilians are attracted to military tags for their fashion and style. All of these are now becoming an important item for the youth and even for the adults in the commercialized world.

For teenagers, army tags may display a tough military look, a fashionable style and numerous other representations in the group of fads. These have expanded in popularity with remarkable characteristics and hip looks. Also, they are used as a private souvenir. Despite having the developed functions, they still embody the original feature of being a distinctive id. Personalized details may include name, age, blood type and other particulars - according to the wearer's preference.

Single dog tags have become more appealing to the mainstream with great increase in popularity due to advertisements in publications, runways, and video. Military tags are also renowned in custom-made versions. Military tags erupted the trend among young people and grown people with the primary idea of personalized look. Most of these possess various sizes, concepts, and font designs.

Things To Have In Mind

You actually can easily buy personalized dog tags from retail stores or malls. Yet somehow, the desire for quality-made and genuine army tags has led a lot of customers to get theirs from the internet rather than retail stores. Unique tags are most likely made from metal alloy and titanium or stainless steel for durability. In selecting them, you should be certain that they are authentic.

Authentic military dog tags are widely available in online stores - offering informative imagery and additional accessories such as chains, silencers and engraving designs.

Generally there is a large range of military tag online stores and shops to to find elegant designs and personalized models. Most consumers find online stores easier and faster to get tags in just a couple of quick clicks. Despite that there are numerous websites that give these items, you should be wise where to buy yours. The best option would be to find a place with a wide variety of alternatives, giving comprehensive images and features.

Some stores hike up the value of army dog tags with a minimum purchase amount. Hence, paying for a military dog tag ought to come with the quality you paid for and, at a very inexpensive price. Here is one good site to have a look at, if you want the most recent elements, styles and designs for your army dog tags.

Army Officer Rank - Basic Training for the Organizationally Challenged

To begin, there are ten levels of officer rank in the United States Army. (An eleventh rank level is possible, but rare in military history.) Rank begins with the Second Lieutenant, and ends with the General of the Army. Along with each proper rank name, is an abbreviated rank identifier and an officer grade, or pay grade. The officer grades also start at O1 and end at O10.

It is easy to distinguish officers, who wear 'brass' on their collars, from enlisted soldiers, who wear 'stripes'. From bottom to top, the Army rank structure is as follows:

Second Lieutenant, 2LT, O1 - This is the lowest rank for the general-type officer. A soldier becomes a 2LT either through the ROTC program, attendance at a US Military Academy, or direct appointment. The 2LT wears a single gold bar on his collar, hence the nickname of 'butter bar' for these inexperienced officers. The grades of O1-O3 are known as 'company grade officers'.

First Lieutenant, 1LT, O2 - The First Lieutenant wears one silver bar on his collar. Usually, First Lieutenant's will serve as Platoon Leaders or Company Executive Officers. Advancement to First Lieutenant occurs after completion of 24-month time in grade as a 2LT.

Captain, CPT, O3 - The Captain wears two silver bars, side-by-side on his collar. The bars are referred to as 'railroad tracks' because of their visual similarity. Captains are generally assigned as Company Commanders, though they may also serve in a number of capacities, such as Logistics or Personnel Officers.

Major, MAJ, O4 - The Major wears the insignia of a gold oak leaf on his collar. Duty positions vary, though a Major could be assigned as a Battalion Executive Officer, Operations Officer, or Intelligence Officer. The grades of O4-O6 are known as 'field grade officers'.

Lieutenant Colonel, LTC, O5 - The Lieutenant Colonel wears the insignia of a silver oak leaf on his collar. Known as a 'light Colonel', the LTC is generally in command of a battalion sized unit.

Colonel, COL, O6 - The Colonel wears a silver eagle on his collar. The wearer of such rank is often referred to as a 'full bird' or, less often, a 'full bull'. Generally, a Colonel is in charge of a Brigade sized unit.

Brigadier General, BG, O7 - The Brigadier General wears one star on his collar. Brigadier's are usually positioned as Assistant Division Commanders. The grades of O7 and higher are known as 'general grade officers'.

Major General, MG, O8 - The Major General wears two stars on his collar. The duty position is generally that of a Division Commander, Post Commander, or any number of Commandant, Deputy Chief or Chief positions.

Lieutenant General, LTG, O9 - The Lieutenant General wears three stars on his collar. LTGs might fill a duty position such as a Deputy Commander of a major command, like Northern Command.

General, GEN, O10 - The General wears fours stars, side-by-side, on his collar. Four-star's occupy major command billets like Central Command, or might serve as a Chief-of-Staff.

General of the Army, GOA, O11 - This special rank consists of five stars in a pentagonal pattern, with star points touching. No officer has held this rank since World War II, when Omar Bradley was promoted to the position. By regulation, any officer holding the position of General of the Army will remain on active duty for life. Dwight Eisenhower, who also held this position, resigned his Army commission so that he might serve as President of the United States, because the office of President can not legally be filled by any active duty U.S. military officer.

General of the Armies, GOA, O11 - The General of the Armies is the highest ranking officer position in the military. Though it is sometimes considered a 'sixth star' rank, the insignia of the General of the Armies is the same five-star formation as that of the General of the Army. Promotion to this rank places the service member as the overall commander of all United States forces. This special rank and position has only been authorized for two people in our nation's history: George Washington and John J. Pershing. (By executive order of President Gerald Ford, George Washington will always remain the most senior commander, and can never be outranked by any other officer of the U.S. military.)

Each of the aforementioned ranks is special in its own way, and holds a valuable place in the military hierarchy. Though their ranks, duties and responsibilities may vary, soldiers serving at every level of the military order are equally as important as their fellow service members.

Army Continuing Education

Army Continuing Education is an effort that is highly encouraged. From a private to a Sergeant Major, all are encouraged to enhance their educations and obtain their degrees. Officers are also encouraged to further their education, in their chosen field and with other opportunities. Army Continuing Education is a theme that is often heard throughout both the active duty Army and its reserve and National Guard components.

Each Army base has some form of Education Office. A soldier can visit this office for information on continuing education. They can sign up for correspondence courses. They can take the CLEP test. They can see an education counselor to plan for their college education. Some education offices offer college classes on the premise where others work with colleges and universities in the area to provide classes for military members to attend. However, online military-friendly universities offer great flexibility for active-duty soldiers who need their study schedules to fit around their military responsibilities.

Each enlisted soldier attends an Advanced Individual Training Course also known as an AIT. This is their job specialty and the area they will work on during their Army career. Once they graduate from this course and are shipped out to their first duty assignment, they are encouraged to start taking correspondence courses in their MOS, Military Occupational Specialty. They can also take correspondence courses in basic soldier skills, such as first aid, NBC and a land navigation course. The Army rewards soldiers with promotion points for every five credit hours of correspondence course they finish.

CLEP test are available to soldiers. These tests are where college classes can be challenged. A soldier who takes these tests and passes will be awarded college credits. They are available in many different topics, such as math, English, science and specialties such as nursing and computers. The education office will have a list of available test. These tests are available at no cost to soldiers who qualify for the specific test and pass them.

The Army also encourages continuing education through its Tuition Assistance program. Through this program, the Army will pay for up to 100% of the tuition cost for qualifying classes. This program provides financial assistance to active duty soldiers to obtain college credits toward their degree. This form of Army continuing education is available all over the military community. The program covers $250 per credit hour for any qualifying class. The solider will be responsible for any cost for books or incidentals. A soldier must also apply themselves to pass the class. If they fail the class they will have to pay back the money that was paid for them to attend.

The Army has a wide variety of programs that it offers to encourage soldiers to continue their education, even after serving on active duty. The Veteran's Administration administers the many GI Bill benefits that are available. A soldier who has served their time and qualifies may be able to qualify for further financial assistance to obtain their degree.

Also available are scholarships geared specifically for those who served on active duty. Some may even qualify while still on active duty. The education office or the Veteran's Administration may have this information as well. Schools counselors may also be a source of information for this continuing education resource.

The Army continuing education effort is for the soldiers that serve our country proudly. It gives them the opportunity to receive job training and an education while doing that service. A soldier who applies themselves can leave the military with job skills, job experience and educational benefits.

This article is based on publicly-accessible information and has not been reviewed or approved by any military branch.

US Military Recruitment - Revealing The Process Step By Step

The military recruitment process is extremely disciplined. All the information one need about military service can be found at the click of a button on the army website. You can either serve part time or for full time and the website details the differences between the two. A person who chooses to apply through this site for taking up military service is led to the army career explorer which gives you a plethora of information on beginning the recruitment process. The site also provides every bit of information you need starting from the recruitment process to the life in the US Army.

Military recruitment is an ongoing process for both the American and the British armies because of their current overseas involvement. Once the people waiting to be recruited go through the information in the site and the career's explorer, they are required to submit documentation. After this, a military recruitment officer will pay a visit to the applicant to verify the information provided by you. Also, the officer will be able to make sure your skills and qualification and ensure that you are fit to serve the US army and can survive its rigorous lifestyle. It is not necessary that the officer must come home to do all this. You may complete the entire process over the telephone if you wish to do so.

This military officer is your friend, philosopher and guide throughout your life in the army. This officer can tell you anything regarding life in the army or the application process or even on how long you can be expected to stay in the army. If you are interested in pursuing education even after joining the army, your officer is the one you must contact. He can provide you al the necessary information. There are many recruiters whom you can reach for more information. They can be found either online or even in your neighborhood. On completion of this, you will have to take up an aptitude test. You will be subjected to a set of multi choice questions which allows the military to asses your skill set and zero down on a role you are fit for.

On successful completion of all these processes, you will be given a posting station where you can collect your kit. You will also be assigned to a post here and be inducted into the army.

Motorcycle and the Military

The Motorcycle as we know it is a derived from the two wheeled bicycle. Comparatively its history begins from the middle of the nineteenth century. But within a short span of time, the motorcycle soon caught the imagination of the public .But as with all inventions the motorcycle was also adapted for military use.

The First World War (1914-18) saw the entry of the Motorcycle as an accoutrement to the Military. It was initially put into use as a dispatch rider. Earlier the Army was using horses and the motorcycle was a replacement. The war in Europe launched the motorcycle as part of the military in a big way. The US Army started by using motorcycles for provost duties by the Military Police, both for patrolling and carrying Military Police personnel .In addition the motorbike was also used for escort duties and couriers duties as telecommunication was in its infancy at that time. However the the motorcycle did not find favor with the Allies as a combat vehicle. Their use was confined to behind the battle lines. But the use of the motorcycle with its ability to negotiate difficult terrain as well as movement of Military personnel has made it indispensable for over a hundred years. The motorcycle could also be airdropped along with Para troops to add mobility to the paratroopers.

The use of the Motorcycle by the German Army needs special mention. The German Army used the motorcycle extensively. They also attached a side car to the motorcycle with a machine gun mounted on it. These machines terrorized the populations in the villages of occupied Europe during world war II.They also perfected the use of motorcycles extensively for liaison and reconnaissance purposes. The Bikes they used were BMW, NSU, DKW, and Zundapp. The BMWR/75 motorcycle with a capacity of 746 cc and a horse power of 26 is the best and most versatile of the lot. The German war machine had motorcycle infantry units attached to all their panzer divisions.

The magnitude of motorcycle usage can be seen from the fact that the average infantry division on the Eastern Front against Russia was equipped with 452 motorcycles including those with a sidecar. However the number of motorcycle got reduced to 168 when the infantry divisions began to use the Kubelwagens (This vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche and built by Volkswagen) and Kettenkrads (Motorcycle half trucks). Most early models of German military motorcycles proved unreliable after the invasion of Russia in June 1942, due to the peculiar conditions there and the difficult terrain. Only the BMW R/75 was a success. The Russian Army were so impressed with this bike, that after the war they cannibalized this bike and produced their own bike called the K-M72.

The American Army had also a checkered history as far as use of motorcycles is concerned starting from 1913. The standard machine in use was the Harley-Davidson motorcycle. Harley Davidson produced motor cycles en masse for the United States Armed force. If numbers have a meaning than nearly 90000 bikes were manufactured by the company for the military. A large number were also produced for the Russians.That's a colossal number. Two other motorcycles via 'Scout' and 'Chief' were also patented by The Indian Motorcycle Company, but they could not match the products of Harley Davidson.

The US Army introduced the motorcycle in the Vietnam War. In fact the 'special forces' a specialized group to fight the Viet Cong made extensive use of the motorcycle for their operations. This was followed by the invasion of Iraq and the motorcycle was integral to Army operations during that campaign. More recently, the maneuverability of two-wheeled transport has proved invaluable in Afghanistan where the rugged terrain gives ample scope for operations with a motorcycle. The use of a motorcycle can best be illustrated with the adage that when the going is tough and no road is available the motor cycle can press forward and when there is a smooth road, it can be unchallenged as far as speed is concerned. Motor cycles are also in use by the Armies of China and India. In India the 1955 model Royal Enfield 348cc is still in production and extensively used by the Army Military Police and also for ceremonial duties like out riding for VIP's. Today the Japanese manufacturers, Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha dominate the large machine market

But the role of a Motorcycle for the military is not likely to diminish in the years to come.

E Army U

Most people know about veteran's benefits. It's heavily advertised that you can sign up for the US Army and they'll give you a VA loan and money for school after you've served your term. Few people, even the Army's own soldiers, realize that you can get a university education, even a graduate degree, for free online while serving your country.

Welcome to E Army U, the military answer to educating soldiers in the 21st century. Via the web, and at times through a free laptop for soldiers, it offers university degrees on flexible schedules. Soldiers complete the work in their off-duty hours, just as their civilian counterparts might work full time and go to school in their off hours. This program is available to all soldiers.

It actually consists of two related programs, Go Army Ed and E Army U. Go Army Ed is a tuition reimbursement program for distance education courses offered by civilian colleges and universities. This covers 100% of the soldier's tuition, fees, and books, up to a semester hour cap of $250 and an annual cap of $4,500. The school the soldier chooses must be accredited in the US; there is a list of approved schools on the Go Army Ed website.

E Army U is a web portal that consolidates the distance learning offerings of dozens of colleges and universities, allowing soldiers to log on to a single site to manage their entire college education. As an officially recognized university itself, it allows the soldier to bypass the residency requirements that traditional schools have. It also allows the soldier to apply for tuition reimbursement, do all paperwork filing, and track transcript information, all in one place.

There is a single application for all 25 universities and 140 degree programs that participate in E Army U, and credits earned are guaranteed to be two-way transferable between all of the institutions. Soldiers who have been able to get into the Laptop Program (suspended indefinitely for new applicants) can also access unlimited tutoring. The accredited university grants the degree the soldier earns.

Since the program was specifically designed to reach soldiers regardless of their duty station, thousands have transferred to new posts without interrupting their studies. More than 31% of E Army U students either extend service or reenlist specifically to access this benefit. In some cases, non-commissioned officers have finished their bachelor's degree through E Army U, and then reenlisted as an officer in order to pursue a master's degree.

Army Reenlistment Cash to Be Slashed

If there is any group of men and women who have deserved bonuses over the last seven years, it has been the Soldiers who have served during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. And during that time, particularly in specialties that the Army puts a high value on, reenlistments bonuses have been generous, yet as the year draws to a close, the Army has announced that there will be cuts starting on Dec. 31. 2008.

The Army reduced the number jobs qualifying for a bonus from 88 to about 63, according to Master Sgt. Patrick Johnson, in an interview with Stars and Stripes newspaper. The decision also means that the total amount of bonuses that all Soldiers receive will be reduced as well.

Army officials say there is no connection between the move to slash bonuses and the global recession.

"We're trying to ramp down from the highs that we had in '05 and '06," Lt. Col. Thomas Erickson told Stars and Stripes. "It's an unpleasant subject when you're talking about what you've taken off, and really, at the end of the day, what really is driving the train is we have to live within our budget."

While this is certainly not welcome news for the Soldiers, there are still numerous benefits that Soldiers can look forward to when they stay in the Army. And one of the biggest bonuses for Soldiers is increased support and education opportunities for both Soldiers and Army spouses.

Last year Army leaders signed the Army Family Covenant as part of an effort to help support Army families and Army spouses as the Army dealt with the strain of long and frequent deployments. The Covenant aimed, in part, to address the education obstacles that Army spouses faced. In that vein, efforts have been made to help military spouse have more access to education and career opportunities.

Soldiers who stay in the Army also retain their eligibility for Army Tuition Assistance, which provides Soldiers with $4,500 a year in education funds that they can use to study at the school of their choice. Soldiers are free to enroll in accredited online educational programs in addition to traditional school programs.

And whenever we are speaking of Soldiers and benefits, it's important to stress that Soldiers do not make decisions about leaving or staying in the service based solely on money. Soldiers and their families believe deeply in the value of service to one's country; and though financial matters play a part, they are never the sole factor.

Bonus money and health care benefits can never explain why a Soldier chooses to spend two, three or sometimes four combat tours in the Middle East, often at the expense of seeing their children grow up. This is why more efforts like the Army Family Covenant and the expanded GI Bill benefits are so important - they in some small way express a country's gratitude for the sacrifices of these Soldiers.

During this Christmas season (and beyond) Americans can show their support for the Soldiers by sending cards, gifts and snacks to those stationed abroad. And they should remember that even with reduced bonuses, America's Soldiers will always step up and serve their nation.

Army Enlisted Rank - Basic Training for the Organizationally Challenged

To begin, there are nine levels of enlisted rank in the United States Army. Rank begins with the Private, and ends with the Sergeant Major of the Army. Along with each proper rank name, is an abbreviated rank identifier and an enlisted grade, or pay grade. The enlisted grades also start at E1 and end at E9. Four grades, E4, E7, E8 and E9, are distinguished because they each have multiple ranks associated with them.

People usually recognize that soldiers wear 'stripes' on their sleeves and collars. There are two types of stripes that are used with one another. The stripes that point up are called chevrons. The lower stripes that attach to the chevrons are called arcs or rockers.

Private, PV1, E1 - This is a basic recruit rank and grade. The private wears no insignia. His sleeve and collar are bare.

Private, PV2, E2 - The Private wears the insignia of one chevron on his sleeves and collar. Advancement to the rank of E2 is usually automatic upon completion of six months service.

Private First Class, PFC, E3 - The Private First Class wears insignia of one chevron and one rocker. Advancement to the rank of E3 is usually automatic upon completion of 12 months service. The E1, E2 and E3 are all addressed as 'Private'.

Specialist 4, SP4, E4 - The Specialist is a somewhat unique rank. This is the only enlisted rank that does not bear chevrons or rockers. Instead, the Specialist rank looks like a solid shield with an eagle centered on it. The Specialist has been trained in a military occupational specialty (MOS), his Army job, and has some amount of experience in the service.

Corporal, CPL, E4 - The Corporal wears the insignia of two chevrons. The Corporal is the first rank in the US Army identified as a non-commissioned officer, or NCO. The Corporal and the Specialist both make the same amount of pay, but the Corporal outranks the Specialist because of his NCO status. Also, the Corporal is the first rank designated as a 'Junior non-commissioned officer', or Junior NCO.

Sergeant, SGT, E5 - The Sergeant wears the insignia of three chevrons. This rank is sometimes referred to as a 'Buck Sergeant'. A Sergeant may serve as a squad leader in the absence of a Staff Sergeant. The Sergeant is a Junior NCO.

Staff Sergeant, SSG, E6 - The Staff Sergeant wears insignia of three chevrons and one rocker. The Staff Sergeant is generally placed in charge of one of the platoons four squads, but Staff Sergeants can also act as a Platoon Sergeant in the absence of a Sergeant First Class. The Staff Sergeant is a Junior NCO.

Sergeant First Class, SFC, E7 - The Sergeant First Class wears insignia of three chevrons and two rockers. The Sergeant First Class is the first rank designated as a Senior NCO. The ranks of E8 and E9 are also Senior NCO's.

Platoon Sergeant, PSG, E7 - The rank of the Platoon Sergeant is the same as the Sergeant First Class. There may be more than one Sergeant First Class in a platoon, but there is only one Platoon Sergeant. The Platoon Sergeant is the primary assistant and advisor to the Platoon Leader, who is usually a Lieutenant, and therefore the Platoon Sergeant has authority over any other E7's in his platoon.

Master Sergeant, MSG, E8 - The Master Sergeant wears insignia of three chevrons and three rocker. The Master Sergeant works in a staff position, such as Operations.

First Sergeant, 1SG, E8 - The First Sergeant wears insignia of three chevrons and three rocker. A First Sergeant and Master Sergeant both earn equal pay, but the First Sergeant is the highest ranking enlisted soldier in a company, and therefore, has more authority than the Master Sergeant. A small diamond resides within the space of the chevrons and rockers.

Sergeant Major, SGM, E9 - The Sergeant Major wears insignia of three chevrons and three rocker. A small five pointed star resides within the space of the chevrons and rockers. Typically, the Sergeant Major is found in battalion level or higher units.

Command Sergeant Major, CSM, E9 - A small five pointed star with a wreath resides within the space of the chevrons and rockers. The Command Sergeant Major is the senior enlisted advisor to the commanding officer. His duties carry certain ceremonial functions such as caring for the unit's colors, as well as serving as a monitor for, and advocate of, the enlisted men in the command.

Sergeant Major of the Army, SMA, E9 - The Sergeant Major of the Army is the highest enlisted rank. There is only one Sergeant Major of the Army at any one time. He represents all Army enlisted soldiers. The eagle from the Great Seal of the United States is centered between two five-pointed stars centered horizontally between the chevrons and rockers.

Each of the aforementioned ranks is special in its own way, and holds a valuable place in the military hierarchy. Though their ranks, duties and responsibilities may vary, soldiers serving at every level of the military order are equally as important as their fellow service members.

Indian National Army - The Military Contribution During World War II

The Japanese hemmed in by lack of raw material and resources decided to launch an invasion of South East Asia. The initial Japanese Army offensive was a huge success and parts of China, Indo-China and Singapore were easily taken by the Japanese Imperial Army. The British unable to transfer resources to the Far east, besieged as they were by the Germans in Europe were no match and capitulated easily.

Facing the Imperial Army were remnants of some British troops and elements of the Indian Army. With a paucity of equipment and faced with a ruthless enemy, the British and Indian soldiers surrendered in fair numbers. At that time some Indian leaders who dreamed of Indian Independence from the British, suggested that Indian POWs captured by the Japanese army be Incorporated as a separate group to fight along with the Imperial army.

The captured POW were thus offered an incentive to join what was known as the 'Indian National Army' or 'Azad Hind Fauj'. It is a fact of history that the defection to the INA was minimal and the vast majority of Indian soldiers remained loyal to the crown. General Mohan Singh was the first commander of the INA, but he had differences with the Japanese who removed him him from command and also imprisoned him.

In such a scenario the Charismatic Indian leader Subhas Bose landed from Germany in 1943 and assumed command of the INA. He formulated a war cry 'Delhi Chalo'- Go to Delhi, in a bid to galvanize the Indians.

The INA made up of captured Indian POWs soon got into action along with the Imperial army. They moved along with the Japanese army across Burma into the gates of India. There are romantic ideas and notions of the performance of the INA during this phase of the war i. e. conquest of Burma and the role of the INA.

However it must be remembered that the INA was never fully equipped by the Japanese and it just followed the Imperial Army. Their performance and effect on any battle was minimal and romantic notions aside, one can safely say that the INA never lived up to its expectations. In addition the numbers of the INA were few as a vast majority of soldiers taken as POWs refused to join the Japanese.

The siege at Imphal where the British Indian Army held out against the Imperial army is a case in point. The INA failed in its efforts to breach the British Indian Army lines and despite all sorts of propaganda failed to engineer defections among Indian soldiers as well. In short the performance of the INA was minimal and their effect on the war of not much significance.

Romantic notions are difficult to dispel and thus the legend that that the INA made a significant contribution to the war effort is propagated by quite a few people. But the facts speak otherwise. The INA's contribution to Indian Independence and its effect on the battlefield was way below expectations. History will record only a footnote to the INA by historians. That is the sad truth.

Military Background Check - Did Your Grandpa Really Join the Army

Just like any other kind of this service, the military background check also aims to investigate a person's history. Specifically, with conducting military background searches you will find out or validate if someone has been part of the military, and if they have been enlisted or discharged.

Reasons vary why people conduct these searches. One of the most common reasons is the verification is someone was indeed a part of the military. An individual doing a search for military history data can look into where the subject served, how long they served and where they are assigned at present. In addition, the military record of the subject will reveal his/her awards and distinction while in the service.

People use this service in looking for children or spouses who are currently enlisted in the military. It is essentially a way of keeping in touch with a family member who is in the military.

Another use of the military background check is in making sure than a person has the education or training needed for a certain job. There are some businesses which ensure that the person serve the military before giving them the chance to have an extended period in their job. The information that will be collected in running a service like this include: date of birth, enlistment, deployment, rewards granted, disciplinary action, discharge, among others.

Military background check can really be of great advantage. Some people were able to pay tribute to men and women by conducting these and similar types of investigation.

Military Company - The Lifeblood of the Army

Generals don't win wars. Neither do Divisions, Brigades or even battalions. Instead, it is the military companies and platoons that win in combat.

Although combat orders and missions are created at the higher echelons, such as the Army level, Corps, or Division level, it is the companies that execute the orders in combat.

In most cases, a military company normally consists of 100-200 soldiers and is led by a Captain and First Sergeant. Most military companies are this size because this is the ideal size. However, some companies, such as Explosive Ordnance Disposal are much smaller.

There are many different types of companies to include infantry, armor, aviation, Quartermaster, Ordnance, Maintenance, Engineer, Signal, Transportation, Medical, and many more.

Most companies have a specific mission in combat. For instance, a Maintenance Company would repair equipment for a maneuver force. Or, they could simply provide maintenance support to units located in a designated area.

Furthermore, most companies are organized into 3-4 platoons. Normally, there is a Headquarters Platoon and 2-3 other platoons. For example, an infantry company has a Headquarters section and 3 infantry platoons.

Most companies belong to a battalion. A battalion normally has 3-4 companies in its structure. The battalion is led by a Lieutenant Colonel and Command Sergeant Major.

Most of the military's fighting force is located at the company level. All maneuver elements function as squads, platoons, or companies in combat.

Even when you hear things like the 32nd Infantry Division is fighting in combat, it's really the companies within the 32nd Infantry Division that are fighting.

That's why serving as a company commander is such an awesome experience. It's the only time you will truly be at the troop level in combat (other than Platoon Leader).

In summary, the military company plays a vital role in the success of our military.

Life After West Point Military School

West Point exists to educate and train Cadets who are commissioned as Officers in the US Army upon Graduation. The commitment is for a total of 8 years, 5 of which are on active duty and 3 in the Reserves if you choose not to continue on active duty. A very few graduates may select commissioning in other services, primarily where one of their parents has served a career in another service.

The primary options for Army service are the choice of branch of service. You choose that at the beginning of your senior year. What are your army career options? After graduating from West Point, you will be commissioned in one of several Army branches. You may want a combat arms branch such as Infantry, Field Artillery, Armor, Air Defense Artillery, Aviation or Combat Engineers. You also may choose a combat support branch such as Signal, Military Police, Chemical or Military Intelligence.

You may also want to choose one of the combat service support branches such as Ordnance, Quartermaster, Transportation, Adjutant General or Finance. Opportunities are also available for the Medical Service Corps or the Judge Advocate General Corps later in your service career. You will advance to positions of greater responsibility in each branch based on your abilities.

West Point is looking for well rounded young men and women who want to serve as commissioned officers in the US Army. By well rounded I mean good students, good athletes, and good leaders. The focus is on service in the Army rather than on the college education part.

Now to answer your specific questions. Commissioned officers serve as leaders of the wonderful young men and women in our Army today. The military is organized into branches of service that are either directly involved on the front lines (infantry, armor, field artillery, etc) or operate in support roles (signal, ordnance, intelligence, aviation, etc.) I would go to the Army's web site and check it out thoroughly.

As for percentage rates for West Point, there are two interesting numbers. The first is the percentage rate of acceptance of offers of admission. In recent years (since 9/11) the percentage rate has been steady at about 85%. That is the highest acceptance rate of any college or university in the nation, topping Harvard, Princeton and all the rest. This says that those who apply to West Point know what they are doing and are very serious about it.

The second percentage rate of interest is the graduation rate. In recent years the graduation rate has held steady between 75% and 80% of those who enter graduate, in four years. The national average is 50% in SIX years.

If you chose not to stay beyond your five year active duty commitment the world is open to you. Experienced young Army officers are in great demand everywhere in our business world and they have no problems supporting themselves or their families.

Finally, to answer your question about the potential for playing a professional sport following graduation. The Department of Defense has recently adopted a policy where a small number of Service Academy Graduates (not just West Point) to be released early from their active duty obligation to play professional sports. They do have to pay back the cost of their education (several hundred thousand $$) and serve in the Army Reserves in a recruiting role, but today there is a viable option for elite level athletes.

If you work for what you want then some day you will get it and when you do you will look back on your days at West Point and thank them for giving you the change to become something better to do something better with you life.

The Law About Health Problems in the US Army

My brother is leaving for Iraq. He has to go into combat training August 22nd. His sergeant doesn't know about his mental illnesses, he is bi-polar and has a panic disorder and some type of aggression disorder also. How can the military except someone in this state of mind. To me it seems like committing suicide by going to Iraq in this state of being. Can he take his medication? What if he is unable to take it? He is also addicted to pain killers since he has a bad back. Is there a mental evaluation before he leaves? Would he be a danger to his own comrades?

ANSWER: All soldiers receive an entrance complete physical examination, including a review of psychiatric issues and past medical history. Soldiers also must undergo a five-year (or sooner, depending on the soldier's particular job) physical reevaluating his physical status. Soldiers who exhibit symptoms of illness - physical or mental - are referred to the military treatment facility for diagnosis and treatment, if necessary. Soldiers preparing for deployment (such as your brother) undergo a predeployment examination in addition to the above examinations. If your brother has the problems you state he does, they should be included in his military medical records, which will be reviewed prior to his deployment and, when the conditions arose, whether at deployment or prior, will make him non-deployable.

The fact that he is scheduled for deployment and has the conditions you allege leads me to assume that he has not reported these conditions. If so, he needs to have his treating physicians report the conditions to the military physicians. Some of the above disorders may not make him nondeployable, especially if controllable with medication.

Your brother should see his military primary care physician and ensure his conditions are noted, diagnosed, and treated, and this physician will ensure that the necessary actions are taken regarding his deployment status. I recommend he do so as soon as possible.

I am a contracted cadet, so I am no longer able to get out of the Army. This year I have been having a lot of anxiety problem and feeling depressed (mostly form the anxiety). I think I may have some form of an anxiety disorder, however, I am afraid to seek help because I don't want to get disqualified (I need ROTC to pay for college). From what I've read it seems that if I see a doctor and get diagnosed with something that I inform them about I will lose my scholarship. I'm wondering if I see a doctor and do not inform the Army if they can find out. Can the Army search my medical or insurance records without my consent? What would you suggest is the best course of action?

ANSWER: While you can visit a doctor and not inform the Army, ultimately (likely at your commissioning physical), you will be asked. If you lie, you will commit a felony under the UCMJ. The physician you see may turn to someone - ROTC - for billing for your treatment, and if s/he finds you need follow up because of the seriousness of your condition, s/he may wish to contact your primary care provider.

Not all anxiety disorders disqualify one from military service.

The bottom line comes down to this - is getting a diagnosis and treatment more important to you than going untreated and remaining in need of treatment, and is your integrity worth only the cost of your college tuition? As to the first question, if you feel you need treatment, you should get it, as going untreated with a real condition could endanger your health and prevent your recovery. As to the second, I would not want an officer who I could not trust, and if your integrity slips on this, it will slip elsewhere, causing you further frustration and heartache when it does. The Army is not the place for one who would lie about a medical issue.

Can the Army search your medical or insurance records without your consent? Your health is a military-related issue, and the Army has the right to check on it.

But in the end, the chance of the Army finding out about your visit to a physician, on your own, is not great. So you make the call.

The best course of action is to get yourself to a physician if you think you need it. Chances are any diagnosis you get will not be service-disqualifying, but if it is, then it is a serious diagnosis for which you will need professional treatment.

HR in Army Leadership and Supervision

For many unskilled persons, one look at the armed services groups will make them think that the management as well as the leadership practices for their personnel are rigid, hierarchal and most importantly brutal. However, this is not true. Many recent books regarding the topic attest that even those at the civilian world will be able to learn much from military especially those that are at the business environment. HR in army is greatly valued because the people here are the ones that make up the groups. They have their missions and tasks. They have been trained in order for them to carry out those missions without failing. There are actually 5 lessons that should be learned by the inexperienced persons who would like to become a part of the military workforce.
The first one is that you should take care of your own business. This means that you have to run, focus and be responsible for yourself. Commanders are like the business owners. There is a need for them to recognize their leadership qualities so that they will be able to execute them in front of their workers and share the ideas to his workers. In turn, his crew will enthusiastically cooperate with him as he leads them by example, builds trust and communicates purposely.
The second one is to know about the policies, the procedures as well as the values. The army personnel should always be dependable and conscientious. Aside from that, he should be smart and knowledgeable. The HR in army and the department that is concerned with the recruitment, training and supervision of the army members should be able to effectively manage all the said processes. Interested applicants should be aware of the hierarchal structures and the common military situations. HR in army is the people who should instill courage, set realistic goals and also study the past.
Third is to realize that leadership is not something that all people have. Military management is a skill that people can seek for. Thus, this is achievable with the right discipline and the right attitude. Leadership is all about facing the challenges and taking risks. Meanwhile, the fourth lesson that a member of the HR in army should know is that handling the team is as important as being its leader. There is a need to identify the people who are your friends and also those that are your opponents or rivals. In addition, the applicants should be aware that they need to be focused on the goals or the mission that has been given to them. This is particularly important since being a part of the military workforce means that there is competition. You have to be healthy, strong and sturdy to be able to complete the challenges provided by the commander.
Lastly, teamwork is essential. There is a need to build teamwork above anything else. This will improve the leadership qualities of the HR in army as well as the management of the group. This is considered to be the hardest part because it does not only contain physical challenges but also emotional and mental tests.